Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes

Over 90,000 babies are born each year in Virginia. Many measures are used to track the outcome of pregnancies. These include:
- Live births
- Low birthweight
- Birth defects
- Infant mortality
- Maternal mortality
Many factors can contribute to a healthy birth and pregnancy. These include:
- Access to medical care
- Quality of medical care
- Behaviors during pregnancy
- Other community factors
Environmental exposures to hazards in food, water, and air can be harmful during pregnancy. These exposures are often difficult to determine. Tracking birth and pregnancy outcomes over time can help researchers find possible connections to the environment.
Pregnant women are more vulnerable than non-pregnant women because of their changing bodies. During pregnancy, more oxygen is inhaled and the heart works harder than normal. More fluids and food are consumed. Fat storage increases, metabolism changes, and the immune system is altered. These changes make pregnant women more likely to be affected by environmental hazards. While not all environmental exposures are harmful, in some cases a developing baby could be affected.
Environmental hazards during pregnancy include:
- Air pollutants, including particulate matter and carbon monoxide
- Fish contamination (see also: Safer Food Choices)
- Lead exposure
- Extreme heat
- Drinking water pollutants
- Radiation
- Tobacco products
- Food insecurity (for food assistance, see WIC)
See VDH Maternal and Child Health (MCH) Data Page for birth and pregnancy outcomes.
Helpful Links
- See VDH Maternal Health Website for information and resources
- See VDH Maternal and Child Health Dashboard for low birthweight rates, infant and maternal mortality
- See VDH Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System Dashboard for data on behaviors before, during, and after pregnancy
- See VDH Birth Defects Dashboard
- See VDH Lead Safe Info for Parents
- See Food Safety for Baby and Me
- See VDH Fish Consumption Advisories
- See HeatRisk Forecast during warmer months
- See Women, Infants, and Children (WIC)

Contact Us
Virginia Environmental Public Health Tracking Program
Virginia Department of Health
P.O. Box 2448
Richmond, Virginia 23218-2448
109 Governor Street
Richmond, Virginia 23219