Cervical cancer is cancer of the cells in the cervix. Each year, about 13,000 people in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer, and about 4,000 people die from it.
Most cases of cervical cancer are caused by human papillomavirus, commonly known as HPV.
About HPV
There are more than 100 types of HPV. Roughly a dozen are known to lead to cancer. HPV infections cause most cervical cancers.
HPV is spread from person to person through skin-to-skin contact. Most people will get HPV at some point in their lives, but do not know it. This is because the body is often able to fight off the infection. However, if your body can’t fight the infection, it can cause the cells of your cervix to change into cancerous cells.
Protection against HPV and cervical cancer begins before you are exposed to it.
Prevention
Get Vaccinated
Cervical cancer is one of the most preventable cancers because of the HPV vaccine. The HPV vaccine protects against HPV types that cause 90% of all cervical cancer. It also protects against other cancers.
- The HPV vaccine works best before exposure to the virus.
- The HPV vaccine is recommended for routine vaccination at age 11 or 12 years of age well before people are exposed to HPV. Vaccination can also start as early as 9 years of age.
- People aged 26 years and younger who are not fully vaccinated can get the vaccine.
- Some adults age 27 and older may choose to get vaccinated, in consultation with a healthcare provider.
- The HPV vaccine is available for free through the Virginia Vaccines for Children (VVFC) program for eligible children ages 9-18.
Get Screened
- Women should start getting screened for cervical cancer at age 21. Screening can include HPV and/or Pap tests.
- A healthcare provider can help women determine which screening test is best and how often they should get screened.
- Uninsured and eligible women can get free screenings through the Every Woman’s Life Program.
Practice Healthier Habits
- Use a barrier method (condom or dental dam) during sex. This can reduce (but not eliminate) the chance of HPV spreading.
- If you smoke, stop or cut back if you can. People with a high-risk type of HPV and who smoke are more likely to get cervical cancer.