Indicators of Human Trafficking

This is a list of potential indicators that an EMS provider may find when they are treating a patient who they suspect is a victim of human trafficking.  Not all indicators are present in every situation and the presence, or absence, of any of the indicators is not necessarily proof of human trafficking.

  • Does person appear disconnected from family, friends, community organizations, etc.?
  • Can they freely contact family and friends, and socialize?
  • Does person possess their own identification and travel documents? If not, who has control of them?
  • Did employer instruct the person on what to say to law enforcement or emergency services personnel?
  • Is person often in the company to whom they defer? Or someone who seems to be in control of the situation, e.g. where they go or who they talk to?
  • If a child, have they stopped attending school?
  • Is the person disoriented or confused, or showing signs of mental or physical abuse?
  • Is person fearful, timid, or submissive?
  • Does person have freedom of movement where they live?
  • Is person living in unsuitable conditions, or lacking possessions?
  • Do they show signs of having been denied food, water, sleep, or appropriate medical care?
  • Are there unreasonable security measures where the person is located, e.g. guards, video cameras to monitor coming and going when it appears inappropriate?
  • Is the person a juvenile engaged in commercial sex?